Texas Barber License Practice Examination

Alkalis are substances that have a pH of greater than 7, meaning they have a higher concentration of hydroxide ions. When applied to the hair, alkalis work to open up the cuticle (the outer layer of the hair) and soften and swell the hair fibers. This allows for the penetration of hair color molecules and also aids in the process of perming, making the hair more malleable and able to hold a new shape. While alkalis may have other effects on the hair, such as potentially making it more resilient and smoother, they are primarily known for their ability to soften and swell the hair. The other options, color and perm, do not accurately describe the properties of alkalis and therefore are incorrect choices. Additionally, alkalis typically do not have a drying effect on the hair, so the option "dry and break" is not an accurate description. "Strengthen and smooth" is also not a direct result of the effects of alkalis on the hair, making it an incorrect choice as well.